Derivação de palavras em espanhol

⭐ Derivação de palavras em espanhol

A seguir, você verá famílias lexicais completas, como no exemplo “ferro, ferrugem, férrico”, mas agora em espanhol, com significado e tradução ao português.

🔵 1. Familia de palabras: HIERRO

Palabra base: hierro (ferro)

► Derivación con sufijos

Palabra	Sufijo	Significado	Português
herrumbre	-umbre	oxidación	ferrugem
herrería	-ería	lugar de trabajo	ferraria
herrero	-ero	profesional	ferreiro
herraje	-aje	conjunto de piezas de hierro	ferragens
férrico	-ico	relativo al hierro	férrico

► Derivación con prefijos

Palabra	Prefijo	Português
desherrumbrar	des-	desferrujar
reherrar	re-	recolocar ferradura

🔵 2. Familia de palabras: PIEDRA

Palabra base: piedra (pedra)

► Sufijos

Palabra	Sufijo	Português
pedrada	-ada	pedrada
pedregoso	-oso	pedregoso
piedrecita	-ecita	pedrinha
piedrero	-ero	pedreiro (profissão semelhante, mas não idêntica)
piedral	-al	pedral

► Prefijos

Palabra	Prefijo	Português
apedrear	a-	apedrejar
empedrar	em-	empedrar
despiedrar	des-	retirar pedras

🔵 3. Familia de palabras: MAR

Palabra base: mar (mar)

► Sufijos

Palabra	Sufijo	Português
marea	-ea	maré
marino	-ino	marinho
marítimo	-ítimo	marítimo
marejada	-ada	marejada
mareo	-eo	enjoo (de mar)

► Prefijos

Palabra	Prefijo	Português
submarino	sub-	submarino
intermareal	inter-	entre-marés
antimar	anti-	antimare

🔵 4. Familia de palabras: LUZ

Palabra base: luz (luz)

► Sufijos

Palabra	Sufijo	Português
lucecita	-ecita	luzinha
lúcido	-ido	lúcido
llamativo	-ivo (de llamar)	chamativo
luminoso	-oso	luminoso

► Prefijos

Palabra	Prefijo	Português
iluminar	i-	iluminar
relucir	re-	reluzir

🔵 5. Familia de palabras: TIERRA

Palabra base: tierra (terra)

► Sufijos

Palabra	Sufijo	Português
terrenal	-al	terreno (adjetivo)
terrestre	-estre	terrestre
terrícola	-ícola	terrícola
tierrita	-ita	terrinha

► Prefijos

Palabra	Prefijo	Português
enterrar	en-	enterrar
subterráneo	sub-	subterrâneo
extraterreno	extra-	extraterreno

🔵 6. Familia de palabras: AGUA

Palabra base: agua (água)

► Sufijos

Palabra	Sufijo	Português
aguado	-ado	aguado
aguacero	-acero	aguaceiro
agüita	-ita	agüinha / água em diminutivo
regar (de riego)	-ar	regar

► Prefijos

Palabra	Prefijo	Português
desaguar	des-	desaguar
reagrupar (relacionado ao tema água quando usado metaforicamente)	re-	reagrupar
subacuático	sub-	subaquático

🔵 7. Familia de palabras: FUEGO

Palabra base: fuego (fogo)

► Sufijos

Palabra	Sufijo	Português
fogata	-ata	fogueira
foguero	-ero	fogueiro
fogoso	-oso	fogoso
fogonazo	-azo	fogonazo / clarão

► Prefijos

Palabra	Prefijo	Português
reencender	re-	reacender
defogar (menos comum)	de-	desfogar

✔️ Quer que eu crie mais famílias de palavras em espanhol, ou exercícios de derivação com gabarito?

sim, mais familias. 20 mais

Perfeito! Aqui estão mais 20 famílias de palavras em espanhol, cada uma com prefixos, sufixos, exemplos e tradução ao português — no mesmo modelo das anteriores.

🔵 1. Familia: SOL

Base: sol (sol)

Sufixos

solar (-ar) → solar
soleado (-eado) → ensolarado
solazo (-azo) → sol forte
solcito (-cito) → solzinho

Prefixos

antisolar (anti-) → antissolar (protetor)
parasolar (para-) → para-sol

🔵 2. Familia: AIRE

Base: aire (ar)

Sufixos

airazo → vento forte
aireado → ventilado
airera → corrente de ar

Prefixos

reairar → rearejar
desaire (des-) → desfeita, desprezo

🔵 3. Familia: FLOR

Base: flor (flor)

Sufixos

florero → florista / vaso
florecer → florescer
floreado → florido
floración → floração

Prefixos

reflorecer (re-) → reflorescer
deflorar (de-) → desflorar

🔵 4. Familia: VINO

Base: vino (vinho)

Sufixos

vinícola → vinícola
vinero → vendedor/ produtor de vinho
vinazo → vinho forte

Prefixos

avinagrado (a-) → avinagrado
desvinado (des-) → sem vinho

🔵 5. Familia: PAN

Base: pan (pão)

Sufixos

panadero → padeiro
panadería → padaria
panecillo → pãozinho

Prefixos

empanar (em-) → empanar
desempanar → tirar o empanado

🔵 6. Familia: CARA

Base: cara (cara)

Sufixos

carita → carinha
caradura → cara de pau
carón → carão

Prefixos

encarar (en-) → encarar
desencarar → desmascarar (fig.)

🔵 7. Familia: MANO

Base: mano (mão)

Sufixos

manita → mãozinha
manazo → mãozada
manear → manear / manusear

Prefixos

desmanar → desfazer com as mãos
remanar → mover novamente com as mãos

🔵 8. Familia: OJO

Base: ojo (olho)

Sufixos

ojera → olheira
ojal → casa do botão (literal: “buraquinho”)
ojito → olhinho

Prefixos

desojar → tirar os olhos (literal/fig.)
reojear (re-) → olhar de lado

🔵 9. Familia: LIBRO

Base: libro (livro)

Sufixos

librería → livraria
librero → livreiro
librito → livrinho

Prefixos

releer (re-) → reler
preleer (pre-) → fazer leitura prévia

🔵 10. Familia: CAMPO

Base: campo (campo)

Sufixos

campesino → camponês
campamento → acampamento
campestre → campestre

Prefixos

precampo → pré-campo
intercampo → entre campos

🔵 11. Familia: AGUJERO

Base: agujero (buraco)

Sufixos

agujerito → buraquinho
agujerado → furado
agujerar → furar

Prefixos

desagujerear → desfazer o buraco
reagujerear → furar de novo

🔵 12. Familia: LUNA

Base: luna (lua)

Sufixos

lunar → lunar
lunático → lunático
lunita → luazinha

Prefixos

interlunar → entre luas
poslunar → pós-lua (pós-eclipse)

🔵 13. Familia: AGUA

(Nova família diferente da anterior)

Base: río (rio)

Sufixos

ribera → ribeira
río pequeño (riachuelo) → riacho
riada → cheia, enchente

Prefixos

subfluvial → subterrâneo ligado ao rio
interfluvial → entre rios

🔵 14. Familia: PIED

Base: pie (pé)

Sufixos

pieza → peça
piedra → pedra
pezuña (evolução) → casco

Prefixos

despiezar → desmontar em peças
reempie → recolocar os pés

🔵 15. Familia: CABEZA

Base: cabeza (cabeça)

Sufixos

cabecita → cabecinha
cabezón → cabeçudo
descabezado → decapitado / sem cabeça

Prefixos

encabezar → encabeçar
recabezar → colocar a cabeça novamente (fig.)

🔵 16. Familia: VIDA

Base: vida (vida)

Sufixos

vital → vital
vivir → viver
vivaz → vivaz

Prefixos

revivir (re-) → reviver
sobrevivir (sobre-) → sobreviver

🔵 17. Familia: SON

Base: son (som)

Sufixos

sonido → som
sonar → soar
soneto → soneto

Prefixos

resonar → ressoar
disonar → desafinar

🔵 18. Familia: LENGUA

Base: lengua (língua)

Sufixos

lenguaje → linguagem
lengueta → lingueta
lenguaraz → pessoa que fala muito

Prefixos

bilingüe (bi-) → bilíngue
trilingüe (tri-) → trilíngue

🔵 19. Familia: FIESTA

Base: fiesta (festa)

Sufixos

fiestón → festão
fiestero → festeiro
fiestita → festinha

Prefixos

prefiesta → pré-festa
postfiesta → pós-festa

🔵 20. Familia: TIEMPO

Base: tiempo (tempo)

Sufixos

temporal → temporal
temprano → cedo
tardar → demorar (relacionado por evolução)

Prefixos

contratiempo → contratempo
intempestivo (in-) → intempestivo

100 Multiple-Choice Questions

✅ 100 Multiple-Choice Questions (Basic Grammar – Electricity Deploy Manager Context)

1–25: Present Simple / Present Continuous / Affirmative–Negative–Questions

The team ___ the new smart meters today.
a) installs
b) is installing
c) installed
d) will install
I ___ a meeting with the engineering team every Monday.
a) have
b) am having
c) had
d) will have
We ___ the customer’s complaint right now.
a) review
b) are reviewing
c) reviewed
d) were reviewing
The system ___ correctly, so we need to check the servers.
a) doesn’t run
b) don’t run
c) isn’t run
d) didn’t run
Why ___ the transformer overheating?
a) is
b) does
c) did
d) was
The client ___ our new monitoring platform.
a) likes
b) is liking
c) like
d) liked
I ___ the field technicians to the site at the moment.
a) send
b) am sending
c) sent
d) was sending
The voltage ___ stable during the peak hours.
a) isn’t
b) aren’t
c) doesn’t
d) didn’t
We ___ a full report after every deployment.
a) write
b) are writing
c) writes
d) wrote
Why ___ the new system version available yet?
a) isn’t
b) aren’t
c) doesn’t
d) didn’t
The sensors ___ data to the server every 5 minutes.
a) send
b) sends
c) are sending
d) sent
I ___ the client’s request now; I will answer soon.
a) check
b) am checking
c) checked
d) was checking
The field team ___ the wrong circuit.
a) doesn’t test
b) don’t test
c) isn’t testing
d) didn’t test
___ you need support with the outage report?
a) Do
b) Does
c) Are
d) Did
The system ___ any alerts at the moment.
a) isn’t showing
b) don’t show
c) doesn’t showing
d) didn’t show
We ___ a backup before updating the firmware.
a) always do
b) are always doing
c) always does
d) did always
The technicians ___ the new power lines this week.
a) install
b) are installing
c) installed
d) installs
Why ___ the customer calling the hotline?
a) is
b) does
c) did
d) was
I ___ the results with the project manager now.
a) discuss
b) am discussing
c) discussed
d) was discussing
The transformer ___ unusual noise today.
a) is making
b) makes
c) made
d) making
The crew ___ ready for deployment.
a) is
b) are
c) be
d) been
The sensors ___ responding; we need to restart them.
a) aren’t
b) isn’t
c) don’t
d) didn’t
We ___ to the site every morning.
a) drive
b) are driving
c) drives
d) drove
I ___ any confirmation from the client yet.
a) don’t have
b) doesn’t have
c) am not having
d) didn’t have
How often ___ you inspect the backup generators?
a) do
b) are
c) does
d) did

26–45: Past Simple / Affirmative–Negative–Questions

We ___ the outage problem yesterday.
a) solved
b) solve
c) are solving
d) solves
The client ___ the report on time.
a) didn’t send
b) don’t send
c) isn’t sending
d) not sent
___ you check the backup batteries last week?
a) Did
b) Do
c) Are
d) Does
I ___ the wrong serial number by mistake.
a) typed
b) type
c) am typing
d) was typing
The system ___ during the storm.
a) failed
b) fails
c) is failing
d) fail
The technicians ___ the installation because of rain.
a) didn’t finish
b) don’t finish
c) aren’t finishing
d) not finish
We ___ three tests before approving the device.
a) ran
b) run
c) running
d) runs
The power lines ___ due to strong winds.
a) broke
b) break
c) are breaking
d) broken
Why ___ the system reboot automatically?
a) did
b) do
c) does
d) was
I ___ to the client during the outage.
a) spoke
b) speak
c) am speaking
d) spoken
The team ___ the new meters at the wrong address.
a) installed
b) installs
c) install
d) is installing
We ___ any serious problems last month.
a) didn’t find
b) don’t find
c) not found
d) weren’t find
___ the backup generator work during the blackout?
a) Did
b) Does
c) Do
d) Was
The transformers ___ safely after the update.
a) worked
b) works
c) working
d) work
I ___ all the logs before closing the ticket.
a) checked
b) check
c) checking
d) am checking
The server ___ because of a configuration error.
a) crashed
b) crashes
c) is crashing
d) crash
Why ___ the client accept the proposal?
a) didn’t
b) don’t
c) isn’t
d) wasn’t
The crew ___ the equipment without authorization.
a) didn’t remove
b) don’t remove
c) not removed
d) wasn’t remove
We ___ backup files yesterday.
a) created
b) create
c) creating
d) creates
The field engineer ___ the new software correctly.
a) didn’t configure
b) doesn’t configure
c) not configure
d) isn’t configuring

46–65: Future (Will / Going to)

We ___ start the deployment tomorrow morning.
a) will
b) are going to
c) will to
d) are go
I think the system ___ handle more users next year.
a) will
b) is
c) going
d) will be going
The technicians ___ install the new panels next week.
a) are going to
b) going to
c) will to
d) will going
We ___ complete the report by Friday.
a) will
b) going
c) is
d) are going
I ___ call the client after the meeting.
a) will
b) am
c) going to
d) will be
The system ___ automatically restart after the update.
a) will
b) is
c) going
d) was
They ___ fix the issue as soon as possible.
a) will
b) are
c) did
d) do
The team ___ run more tests this afternoon.
a) is going to
b) going
c) will to
d) will be to
We think the outage ___ longer than expected.
a) will last
b) lasts
c) last
d) will lasting
The client ___ approve the budget soon.
a) will probably
b) probably
c) is probably
d) was probably
I ___ send the updated documentation later today.
a) will
b) am
c) going
d) did
We ___ upgrade all devices by the end of the month.
a) will
b) are
c) going
d) were
The team ___ replace the damaged cables.
a) is going to
b) going
c) will to
d) will going
I think the system ___ more stable after the patch.
a) will be
b) is being
c) was
d) be
The technicians ___ test the voltage again.
a) will
b) are
c) did
d) going
We ___ need more backup generators next year.
a) will
b) are
c) does
d) did
I ___ meet the project manager at 3 PM.
a) am going to
b) will be to
c) will going
d) going
The client ___ request more information.
a) will probably
b) probably
c) is
d) will be going
We ___ analyze the logs tomorrow.
a) will
b) are
c) going
d) did
I think the outage ___ soon.
a) will end
b) ends
c) ended
d) is ending

66–85: Modal Verbs (can, could, must, have to, should, may, might)

We ___ check the voltage before touching the panel.
a) must
b) can
c) might
d) could
The technicians ___ not work without safety equipment.
a) must
b) mustn’t
c) don’t have to
d) shouldn’t
I ___ contact the supplier if we don’t receive the parts.
a) will have to
b) must
c) can
d) might
You ___ update the firmware manually; the system does it automatically.
a) don’t have to
b) mustn’t
c) can’t
d) shouldn’t
The client ___ call us if they need support.
a) can
b) must
c) have to
d) might not
We ___ finish the installation today; the deadline is strict.
a) must
b) might
c) could
d) may
The technician ___ test the cables again to be sure.
a) should
b) mustn’t
c) can’t
d) didn’t
I ___ help you with the documentation if you want.
a) can
b) must
c) have to
d) should
They ___ arrive late because of the storm.
a) might
b) must
c) can
d) don’t have to
We ___ replace the damaged transformer immediately.
a) must
b) might
c) could
d) may
The system ___ be slow today; the servers are overloaded.
a) might
b) must
c) can
d) have to
You ___ follow the company’s safety rules.
a) must
b) might
c) may
d) can
I ___ check the logs before calling the client.
a) should
b) could
c) might
d) mustn’t
The crew ___ not enter the high-voltage area without permission.
a) must
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t
d) don’t have to
We ___ need more time to finish the deployment.
a) might
b) must
c) can
d) should
The client ___ send us the diagrams before Monday.
a) must
b) might
c) can
d) should
I ___ access the system remotely from home.
a) can
b) must
c) might not
d) have to
We ___ test the backup generator again; it looks unstable.
a) should
b) mustn’t
c) don’t have to
d) might
The system ___ update tonight automatically.
a) may
b) must
c) should
d) can’t
You ___ restart the server; it could cause data loss.
a) shouldn’t
b) don’t have to
c) must
d) may

86–100: Mixed Grammar

If the system fails, we ___ the backup protocol.
a) activate
b) activates
c) activated
d) are activate
The clients ___ complaining about voltage fluctuations.
a) are
b) is
c) be
d) being
I ___ the incident report by mistake.
a) deleted
b) delete
c) am deleting
d) was delete
Why ___ we receiving alerts from the sensors?
a) are
b) do
c) did
d) is
The technicians ___ ready for deployment yesterday.
a) were
b) are
c) was
d) be
We ___ working on a new power monitoring system.
a) are
b) is
c) be
d) being
The server ___ any data.
a) isn’t receiving
b) doesn’t receiving
c) not receive
d) wasn’t receive
I ___ the client about the delays soon.
a) will inform
b) informing
c) informed
d) am inform
___ the team finish the installation?
a) Did
b) Do
c) Are
d) Does
The system ___ stable after the reboot.
a) was
b) is
c) were
d) be
___ you check the transformer this morning?
a) Did
b) Do
c) Are
d) Does
We ___ the final test now; please wait.
a) are running
b) run
c) running
d) are run
The crew ___ at the wrong house yesterday.
a) arrived
b) arrives
c) arriving
d) is arriving
You ___ follow the emergency procedures.
a) must
b) might
c) could
d) didn’t
The system ___ automatically if it detects low voltage.
a) shuts down
b) shut down
c) is shutting
d) shutting

✅ GABARITO EXPLICADO – 100 PERGUNTAS

1–25 (Present Simple / Present Continuous / Afirmativa, Negativa, Interrogativa)

b) is installing – ação acontecendo agora.
a) have – rotina (present simple).
b) are reviewing – agora.
a) doesn’t run – “system” = singular.
a) is – pergunta sobre estado atual.
a) likes – estado, não se usa continuous com “like”.
b) am sending – agora.
a) isn’t – adjetivo “stable”, verbo to be.
a) write – ação habitual.
a) isn’t – versão é singular.
a) send – rotina.
b) am checking – agora.
c) isn’t testing – ação em progresso negativa.
a) Do – “you” no present simple.
a) isn’t showing – estado temporário.
a) always do – rotina com adverbo.
b) are installing – esta semana, período temporário.
a) is – ação no momento da fala.
b) am discussing – agora.
a) is making – ação temporária.
a) is – “crew” considerado singular.
a) aren’t – plural “sensors”.
a) drive – rotina.
a) don’t have – falta de posse no present simple.
a) do – perguntas com “you”.

26–45 (Past Simple)

a) solved – ação concluída no passado.
a) didn’t send – negativa no passado.
a) Did – auxiliar do past simple.
a) typed – ação passada.
a) failed – evento passado.
a) didn’t finish – negativa no passado.
a) ran – passado irregular.
a) broke – passado irregular.
a) did – perguntas no past simple.
a) spoke – passado irregular.
a) installed – ação concluída.
a) didn’t find – negativa no passado.
a) Did – pergunta.
a) worked – passado simples.
a) checked – ação passada.
a) crashed – passado simples.
a) didn’t – auxiliar negativo.
a) didn’t remove – forma correta.
a) created – passado simples.
a) didn’t configure – negativa no passado.

46–65 (Futuro – Will / Going to)

a) will – plano decidido agora.
a) will – previsão.
a) are going to – plano / cronograma.
a) will – promessa/compromisso.
a) will – decisão instantânea.
a) will – fato futuro.
a) will – oferta/ajuda.
a) is going to – plano.
a) will last – previsão.
a) will probably – advérbio entre “will” e verbo.
a) will – futuro voluntário.
a) will – previsão.
a) is going to – intenção.
a) will be – previsão.
a) will – ação futura.
a) will – previsão futura.
a) am going to – plano marcado.
a) will probably – estrutura correta.
a) will – plano futuro.
a) will end – previsão.

66–85 (Modal Verbs)

a) must – obrigação forte.
b) mustn’t – proibição.
a) will have to – necessidade futura.
a) don’t have to – não é necessário.
a) can – permissão/possibilidade.
a) must – obrigação.
a) should – recomendação.
a) can – oferta.
a) might – possibilidade.
a) must – urgência.
a) might – possibilidade.
a) must – regra obrigatória.
a) should – recomendação.
b) mustn’t – proibido.
a) might – possibilidade.
a) must – obrigação forte.
a) can – capacidade/permissão.
a) should – recomendação.
a) may – possibilidade moderada.
a) shouldn’t – conselho negativo.

86–100 (Gramática mista)

a) activate – zero conditional: if + present, present.
a) are – “clients” plural.
a) deleted – passado simples.
a) are – pergunta no present continuous.
a) were – plural no passado.
a) are – present continuous.
a) isn’t receiving – estrutura correta.
a) will inform – futuro.
a) Did – pergunta no passado.
a) was – singular + passado.
a) Did – past simple.
a) are running – agora.
a) arrived – passado simples.
a) must – obrigação.
a) shuts down – present simple com sujeito singular.

Perfeito! Aqui está um teste completo de gramática B2 em inglês, com 100 perguntas de múltipla escolha, todas usando situações reais de um Deploy Manager de uma empresa de eletricidade.
(Se quiser depois, faço o gabarito explicado igual ao anterior.)

✅ TESTE DE GRAMÁTICA INGLÊS – NÍVEL B2

100 perguntas – contexto: Deploy Manager (empresa de eletricidade)
(Apenas perguntas; gabarito explicado depois.)

1–20 – Grammar Mix (B2 structures: conditionals, modals, passives, phrasal verbs, narrative tenses)

If the system ___ earlier, we wouldn’t be dealing with this outage now.
a) had been tested
b) was tested
c) will be tested
d) is tested
The new monitoring tool is expected ___ real-time alerts.
a) provide
b) to provide
c) providing
d) to providing
We couldn’t deploy the update because the client’s server ___ offline unexpectedly.
a) goes
b) has gone
c) had gone
d) would go
The engineers said they ___ the issue for hours before we joined the call.
a) have troubleshot
b) had been troubleshooting
c) were troubleshooting
d) troubleshoot
The corrective patch ___ next Thursday.
a) will release
b) is going to release
c) will be released
d) releases
Had the customer sent the configuration earlier, we ___ the deployment on time.
a) would complete
b) will have completed
c) would have completed
d) completed
You’d better ___ the field team before making any changes to the grid layout.
a) consulting
b) to consult
c) consult
d) consulted
The voltage instability seems to have been caused by a device that ___ incorrectly.
a) had been installed
b) installs
c) was installing
d) is installing
By the time we arrive on site, the technicians ___ the restoration procedure.
a) will start
b) have started
c) will have started
d) start
They asked whether we ___ any backup plans for the transformer replacement.
a) have
b) had
c) would have
d) are having
You shouldn’t have ___ the circuit while the team was still testing it.
a) reset
b) reseted
c) resetting
d) to reset
If the customer insists, we might as well ___ a full diagnostic again.
a) run
b) to run
c) running
d) ran
We’d prefer that the contractor ___ all changes via the official channel.
a) submits
b) submit
c) submitted
d) will submit
The update caused more issues than it ___ to fix.
a) supposed
b) had supposed
c) was supposed
d) is supposed
Had it not been for your quick reaction, the power line ___ severely damaged.
a) would be
b) will have been
c) would have been
d) has been
The customer claimed that their outage ___ for more than two hours before they contacted us.
a) lasted
b) had lasted
c) was lasting
d) has lasted
We’re considering ___ a cloud-based monitoring service.
a) implement
b) implementing
c) to implementing
d) implemented
The equipment must be tested thoroughly, ___ it may lead to safety risks.
a) otherwise
b) however
c) although
d) in spite of
I would rather the technicians ___ us immediately when something unusual happens.
a) notify
b) notified
c) notifying
d) to notify
The root cause hasn’t been identified yet, ___ the logs seem normal.
a) unless
b) even though
c) due to
d) because

21–40 – Passive Voice, Inversions, Complex Modals, Reported Speech

Under no circumstances ___ the deployment without safety clearance.
a) you should start
b) should you start
c) you start
d) do you start
The technician said he ___ the new firmware by the next morning.
a) will install
b) would install
c) installs
d) has installed
Only after the outage was resolved ___ the main cause.
a) we discovered
b) did we discover
c) discovered we
d) we did discover
The backup generators ___ during the last storm.
a) were damaged
b) damaged
c) had damaged
d) were damaging
The customer complained that the system ___ too slowly.
a) was loading
b) loads
c) loaded
d) has loaded
The new guidelines require all contractors ___ protective equipment.
a) to wear
b) wear
c) wearing
d) wore
Rarely ___ such an unusual voltage fluctuation.
a) we see
b) do we see
c) we have seen
d) we saw
The report states that the failure ___ by a sensor malfunction.
a) caused
b) had caused
c) was caused
d) is causing
We shouldn’t have ___ the server without doing a full backup.
a) restarted
b) restart
c) to restart
d) restarting
They asked us whether we ___ to update the old grid maps.
a) intend
b) intended
c) have intended
d) are intending
Seldom ___ a deployment that smooth.
a) we experience
b) do we experience
c) we experienced
d) we have experienced
The equipment is believed ___ defective before installation.
a) to be
b) be
c) being
d) to being
They warned us that the power line ___ due to the storm.
a) may fall
b) might fall
c) fell
d) is falling
The contractor insisted that he ___ the final report already.
a) submitted
b) had submitted
c) submits
d) was submitting
No sooner ___ the update than the system crashed.
a) we installed
b) did we install
c) have we installed
d) we had installed
The technicians appear ___ progress with the new configuration.
a) made
b) making
c) to be making
d) to make
The client wondered why the system ___ automatically.
a) hadn’t rebooted
b) hasn’t rebooted
c) didn’t reboot
d) doesn’t reboot
Seldom ___ such a severe blackout in this region.
a) has there been
b) there has been
c) is there
d) there is
The transformers are expected ___ next week.
a) to be delivered
b) delivering
c) delivered
d) deliver
We were told that the new procedure ___ mandatory from now on.
a) is
b) was
c) would be
d) has been

41–60 – Phrasal Verbs, Business English, Advanced Modals, Relative Clauses

The outage was caused by a cable that had ___ due to overheating.
a) worn out
b) taken over
c) put off
d) set up
The client wants a solution that can ___ unexpected voltage spikes.
a) deal with
b) bring up
c) put down
d) pick out
The project, ___ requires approval, will start next quarter.
a) which
b) that which
c) what
d) whose
The report, ___ I reviewed yesterday, was incomplete.
a) which
b) whose
c) that which
d) what
We might have to ___ the meeting if the field team doesn’t arrive on time.
a) put off
b) turn up
c) look into
d) break out
The technician who ___ the transformer noticed a loose wire inside it.
a) inspected
b) has inspected
c) was inspected
d) is inspecting
All employees ___ work in high-risk areas must undergo safety training.
a) who
b) which
c) whom
d) whose
The client must have ___ the instructions; otherwise they wouldn’t be asking this.
a) misunderstood
b) misunderstand
c) been misunderstanding
d) to misunderstand
The voltage surge, the cause of ___ hasn’t been found yet, damaged the grid.
a) which
b) that
c) whom
d) what
We should have ___ the emergency procedure earlier.
a) reviewed
b) been review
c) to review
d) reviewing
If we ___ the old firmware, we wouldn’t be in this situation.
a) hadn’t kept
b) didn’t keep
c) haven’t kept
d) wouldn’t keep
The outage lasted longer than we ___ it to.
a) expected
b) have expected
c) were expecting
d) expect
The system will shut down unless someone ___ it manually.
a) restarts
b) will restart
c) restarted
d) has restarted
The new software, ___ features include predictive diagnostics, is very efficient.
a) whose
b) whom
c) which
d) that
The issue turned ___ to be far more complex than we initially thought.
a) out
b) up
c) in
d) over
The component must have ___ during transport.
a) been damaged
b) damaged
c) damaging
d) to damage
The customer didn’t know who ___ for the downtime.
a) was responsible
b) is responsible
c) responsible
d) has been responsible
The transformer failed, ___ caused a major outage.
a) which
b) that
c) what
d) whose
They want a solution that could ___ future blackouts.
a) prevent
b) preventing
c) to prevent
d) prevented
The deployment, ___ we had been preparing for weeks, went smoothly.
a) which
b) whose
c) that which
d) what

61–80 – Advanced Structures (Participle Clauses, Mixed Conditionals, Causatives)

Having ___ all parameters, we proceeded with the deployment.
a) checked
b) been checking
c) checking
d) to check
If the technicians had followed the updated protocol, they ___ the shutdown.
a) would have avoided
b) avoided
c) will avoid
d) avoid
The client had us ___ through every step again.
a) go
b) went
c) going
d) to go
The field team found the component severely damaged, ___ immediate replacement.
a) requiring
b) required
c) to require
d) requires
If the server weren’t overheating, the system ___ normally now.
a) would be running
b) will run
c) would run
d) ran
The manager made the technicians ___ all cables twice.
a) check
b) to check
c) checked
d) checking
The update was delayed, ___ frustrated many clients.
a) which
b) that
c) what
d) whom
Not having been notified earlier, we ___ to respond quickly.
a) struggled
b) struggle
c) are struggling
d) have struggled
If you had warned me, I ___ a backup plan ready.
a) would have had
b) would have
c) will have had
d) had had
The technician got the system ___ after hours of work.
a) running
b) run
c) to running
d) to running
The device malfunctioned again, ___ our concerns about its reliability.
a) confirming
b) confirmed
c) having confirmed
d) to confirm
The customer might have been ___ the wrong dashboard.
a) looking at
b) looking
c) to look
d) looked
If the grid weren’t so unstable, we ___ to perform daily checks.
a) wouldn’t need
b) don’t need
c) didn’t need
d) won’t need
The storm having passed, the field team ___ the damaged line.
a) inspected
b) was inspecting
c) had inspected
d) inspects
We had the report ___ by an external specialist.
a) reviewed
b) to review
c) reviewing
d) review
Should you need assistance, we ___ available 24/7.
a) are
b) will be
c) would be
d) have been
If the backup servers had activated, the data ___ lost.
a) wouldn’t have been
b) wouldn’t be
c) won’t be
d) isn’t being
The technicians left, the system having been ___ successfully.
a) calibrated
b) calibrating
c) to calibrate
d) calibrate
It was essential that the installation ___ before the storm arrived.
a) be completed
b) was completed
c) is completed
d) has been completed
Had the contractor followed instructions, the grid ___ overwhelmed.
a) wouldn’t have been
b) wasn’t
c) wouldn’t be
d) hasn’t been

81–100 – Collocations, Prepositions, Advanced Tenses, Business English

We are committed ___ improving power distribution efficiency.
a) to
b) with
c) by
d) for
The solution resulted ___ a significant reduction in outages.
a) in
b) on
c) to
d) from
I’ll get back to you ___ we finish the diagnostics.
a) as soon as
b) until
c) unless
d) whenever
The system has been down ___ two hours.
a) for
b) since
c) during
d) over
We need to comply ___ all safety regulations.
a) with
b) for
c) about
d) of
There has been a steady increase ___ demand for energy.
a) in
b) at
c) on
d) by
We apologized ___ the delay in responding.
a) for
b) about
c) to
d) of
The issue occurred ___ peak consumption hours.
a) during
b) while
c) since
d) for
The longer the outage lasted, ___ the customers became.
a) the angrier
b) angrier
c) the most angry
d) more angry
The new system is far ___ reliable than the old one.
a) more
b) most
c) much
d) many
We had to postpone the deployment ___ unforeseen circumstances.
a) due to
b) because
c) because of that
d) for
Had I known the transformer was faulty, I ___ it.
a) wouldn’t have installed
b) didn’t install
c) won’t install
d) wouldn’t install
The technicians had no choice but ___ on site immediately.
a) to go
b) going
c) go
d) gone
The more we investigate, ___ problems we uncover.
a) the more
b) more
c) most
d) the most
The customer has insisted ___ getting a detailed report.
a) on
b) at
c) for
d) with
The data has yet ___ analyzed.
a) to be
b) been
c) being
d) be
By the time they arrived, the system ___ restored.
a) had already been
b) was already
c) would already
d) already had
We’re looking forward ___ the new AI-based monitoring tools.
a) to implementing
b) implement
c) to implement
d) implementing
I’d appreciate it if you ___ me the updated schedule.
a) sent
b) send
c) will send
d) would send
Should the voltage drop again, we ___ the backup generator.
a) will activate
b) activate
c) activated
d) have activated

✅ GABARITO EXPLICADO – TESTE B2 (100 PERGUNTAS)

1–10 (Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous)

a) have already checked — “already” → present perfect.
a) has been updating — ação contínua com duração.
a) hasn’t finished — negativa no present perfect.
a) have never seen — “never” exige present perfect.
a) has been causing — ação contínua com efeito presente.
a) has repaired — resultado recente.
a) have been analyzing — ação contínua.
a) has just sent — “just” → present perfect.
a) have been working — ênfase no processo.
a) have changed — mudança que afeta o presente.

11–25 (Past Perfect / Past Perfect Continuous)

a) had already completed — ação anterior a outra no passado.
a) had been checking — duração antes de um evento no passado.
a) had failed — passado anterior a outro passado.
a) had been reviewing — processo antes de um evento.
a) had saved — resultado antes do colapso.
a) had been trying — ação contínua antes de desistir.
a) had installed — sequência temporal.
a) had detected — evento anterior.
a) had been monitoring — antes do alarme.
a) had already left — antes da reunião começar.
a) had disconnected — causa anterior.
a) had been using — ação repetida antes da mudança.
a) had checked — antes de comunicar.
a) had been waiting — duração.
a) had updated — ação finalizada antes de outra.

26–40 (Future Forms – will / going to / future continuous / future perfect)

a) will be working — ação em progresso no futuro.
a) will have finished — futuro concluído antes de um ponto no tempo.
a) is going to fail — evidência presente.
a) will have been running — duração no futuro.
a) will replace — plano decidido agora.
a) will be meeting — compromisso futuro.
a) will have solved — ação concluída no prazo.
a) is going to increase — previsão baseada em sinais.
a) will be testing — ação futura programada.
a) will have improved — futuro perfeito.
a) will be delivering — programação.
a) are going to check — plano definido.
a) will have been working — duração futura.
a) will reduce — previsão neutra.
a) will be observing — evento futuro contínuo.

41–55 (Modal Verbs B2: deduction, speculation, future probability, past modals)

a) must — dedução lógica forte.
a) can’t — dedução impossível.
a) might — possibilidade.
b) must have caused — dedução no passado.
a) can’t have been — dedução negativa no passado.
a) should — recomendação.
a) could — possibilidade moderada.
a) may have been — especulação no passado.
a) must have left — dedução forte.
a) should have asked — crítica no passado.
a) might have deleted — hipótese no passado.
a) can’t have failed — dedução negativa.
a) could have avoided — capacidade não usada.
a) must be working — dedução presente.
a) might be preparing — suposição.

56–70 (Gerunds & Infinitives, reporting, passive, causatives)

a) to update — verbo “decide” pede infinitivo.
a) installing — verbo “consider” pede gerúndio.
a) to reduce — “plan” + infinitivo.
a) checking — “avoid” + gerúndio.
a) to contact — “ask” + infinitivo.
c) being repaired — voz passiva contínua.
a) get it fixed — causative.
a) was informed — passiva simples.
a) told us to check — reported speech + ordem.
a) asked me to install — “ask + object + to”.
a) having — depois de “despite”.
a) to run — finalidade.
a) being monitored — passiva.
a) to replace — sequência correta.
a) fixing — gerúndio após “suggest”.

71–85 (Conditionals 1–3, mixed, wishes)

a) will call — first conditional.
a) would finish — second conditional.
a) would have solved — third conditional.
a) will fail — conséquence real.
a) would improve — hipótese.
a) would have checked — condicional 3.
a) would crash — condicional 2.
a) had — third conditional (“if + past perfect”).
a) won’t work — first conditional.
a) wish I had updated — arrependimento passado.
a) wish I knew — desejo irreal presente.
a) would be — mixed conditional.
a) would go — hipótese.
a) hadn’t ignored — condicional 3.
a) will overload — condicional real.

86–100 (Mixed advanced grammar, collocations, connectors, relative clauses)

a) unless — “a não ser que”.
a) even though — contraste forte.
a) so that — finalidade.
a) which — cláusula relativa explicativa.
a) whose — posse.
a) where — local.
a) who — pessoas.
a) has been installed — passiva + perfect.
a) Despite — contraste.
a) Although — concessão.
a) therefore — conclusão.
a) however — contraste entre sentenças.
b) neither — negativa dupla com verbo auxiliar implícito.
a) so — consequência.
a) unless — condição negativa.

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