Modal Verbs e Past Modals

 

🌟 1. O que são verbos modais?

Os modal verbs são verbos auxiliares que expressam habilidade, possibilidade, permissão, obrigação, conselho e probabilidade.

Eles têm características importantes:

  • Não mudam com he/she/it (sem -s)

  • São seguidos por verbo no infinitivo sem to (can go, should study)

  • Não usam “do/does” para perguntas ou negativas

  • Têm formas especiais no passado (past modals)

🔵 2. Os principais verbos modais (present modals)

✔️ 1) CAN – habilidade / possibilidade / permissão

A habilidade:

  • I can swim. (Eu sei nadar.)

Possibilidade (informal):

  • You can find good food here. (Você pode encontrar boa comida aqui.)

Permissão (informal):

  • Can I go to the bathroom? (Posso ir ao banheiro?)

✔️ 2) COULD – habilidade no passado / possibilidade / pedido educado

Habilidade no passado:

  • When I was a child, I could climb trees. (Eu podia subir em árvores.)

Possibilidade:

  • It could rain later. (Pode chover mais tarde.)

Pedidos educados:

  • Could you repeat, please? (Poderia repetir, por favor?)

✔️ 3) MAY – permissão formal / possibilidade

Permissão formal:

  • May I come in? (Posso entrar?)

Possibilidade:

  • It may snow tomorrow. (Pode nevar amanhã.)

✔️ 4) MIGHT – possibilidade baixa

  • She might call you later. (Ela talvez ligue mais tarde.)

✔️ 5) MUST – obrigação forte / dedução lógica

Obrigação:

  • You must wear a helmet. (Você deve usar capacete.)

Dedução lógica:

  • She must be tired. (Ela deve estar cansada.)

✔️ 6) HAVE TO – obrigação externa

  • I have to work tomorrow. (Tenho que trabalhar amanhã.)

✔️ 7) SHOULD – conselho / recomendação

  • You should study more. (Você deveria estudar mais.)

✔️ 8) WOULD – pedidos educados / condicional / hábitos do passado

Pedido educado:

  • Would you help me? (Você me ajudaria?)

Condicional:

  • I would travel more if I had money. (Eu viajaria mais se tivesse dinheiro.)

Hábito no passado:

  • When we were kids, we would play outside every day.
    (Quando éramos crianças, nós brincávamos fora todos os dias.)

🌟 3. Past Modals (modais no passado): estrutura e uso

Os past modals usam esta estrutura:

👉 modal + have + past participle

Ex.:

  • must have gone

  • might have seen

  • should have studied

  • could have done

Eles servem para falar sobre possibilidades, deduções, arrependimentos e hipóteses no passado.

Vamos por tipo:

🔵 1) MUST HAVE + past participle

➤ Certeza sobre o passado (dedução forte)

Usado quando temos quase certeza sobre algo que aconteceu.

  • She must have lost her keys.
    (Ela deve ter perdido as chaves.)

  • They must have forgotten the meeting.
    (Eles devem ter esquecido a reunião.)

🔵 2) MIGHT HAVE / MAY HAVE + past participle

➤ Possibilidade no passado

Indica que talvez algo tenha acontecido.

  • He might have taken the wrong bus.
    (Ele talvez tenha pegado o ônibus errado.)

  • They may have missed the train.
    (Eles podem ter perdido o trem.)

🔵 3) COULD HAVE + past participle

➤ Possibilidade não realizada / crítica suave

Algo poderia ter acontecido, mas não aconteceu.

  • You could have hurt yourself!
    (Você poderia ter se machucado!)

  • We could have won the game.
    (Nós poderíamos ter ganhado o jogo.)

🔵 4) SHOULD HAVE + past participle

➤ Arrependimento / crítica / conselho sobre o passado

Usado para indicar que algo deveria ter sido feito, mas não foi.

  • I should have studied more.
    (Eu deveria ter estudado mais.)

  • You should have called me.
    (Você deveria ter me ligado.)

🔵 5) WOULD HAVE + past participle

➤ Situações irreais no passado (condicional 3)

  • I would have helped you if I had known.
    (Eu teria te ajudado se eu soubesse.)

  • She would have gone, but she was sick.
    (Ela teria ido, mas estava doente.)

🔵 6) CAN’T HAVE + past participle

➤ Certeza de que algo NÃO aconteceu

  • He can’t have finished already!
    (Ele não pode já ter terminado!)

  • She can’t have seen me.
    (Ela certamente não me viu.)

🌟 4. Resumo visual rápido

ModalSignificadoExemplo
must havecerteza no passadoShe must have left early.
might/may havepossibilidadeHe may have lost it.
could havepoderia ter acontecidoWe could have met.
should havedeveria ter feitoYou should have told me.
would havehipótese irrealI would have called you.
can’t havecerteza negativaShe can’t have known.

✅ MULTIPLE-CHOICE – Turn the Affirmative Modal Into the Correct Negative Form (50 questions)

Choose the correct negative form of the modal verb used in the sentence.

1. You must wear safety boots in the laboratory.

A) must not
B) mustn’t have
C) don’t must
D) didn’t must

2. She can operate the new software system.

A) cannot
B) doesn’t can
C) can’t have
D) didn’t can

3. They should follow the updated procedures.

A) shouldn’t
B) should not have
C) don’t should
D) didn’t should

4. He could access the files yesterday.

A) couldn’t
B) couldn’t have
C) doesn’t could
D) didn’t have could

5. You may enter the control room now.

A) may not
B) didn’t may
C) don’t may
D) mayn’t have

6. We might need additional tools.

A) might not
B) mightn’t have
C) didn’t might
D) don’t might

7. She would approve the request.

A) wouldn’t
B) wouldn’t have
C) doesn’t would
D) didn’t would

8. They can repair the system remotely.

A) can’t
B) cannot have
C) doesn’t can
D) didn’t can

9. You should report the incident immediately.

A) shouldn’t
B) shouldn’t have
C) don’t should
D) didn’t should

10. The technician must verify the voltage level.

A) must not
B) mustn’t have
C) don’t must
D) didn’t must

11. He might join the inspection team.

A) might not
B) mightn’t have
C) doesn’t might
D) didn’t might

12. We can proceed with the installation.

A) cannot
B) can’t have
C) don’t can
D) didn’t can

13. She should double-check the wiring.

A) shouldn’t
B) doesn’t should
C) shouldn’t have
D) didn’t should

14. The engineer would confirm the schedule.

A) wouldn’t
B) wouldn’t have
C) doesn’t would
D) didn’t would

15. They could detect the signal earlier.

A) couldn’t
B) doesn’t could
C) couldn’t have
D) didn’t could

16. You may request technical support.

A) may not
B) don’t may
C) didn’t may
D) mayn’t have

17. He can explain the system failure.

A) can’t
B) cannot have
C) doesn’t can
D) didn’t can

18. The team should analyze the data first.

A) shouldn’t
B) shouldn’t have
C) didn’t should
D) doesn’t should

19. You must follow safety regulations.

A) must not
B) don’t must
C) didn’t must
D) mustn’t have

20. She might approve the final design.

A) might not
B) don’t might
C) didn’t might
D) mightn’t have

21. They can restart the system manually.

A) can’t
B) doesn’t can
C) can’t have
D) didn’t can

22. We should update the documentation.

A) shouldn’t
B) don’t should
C) shouldn’t have
D) didn’t should

23. He could fix the error quickly.

A) couldn’t
B) couldn’t have
C) doesn’t could
D) didn’t could

24. You would notice if the alarm failed.

A) wouldn’t
B) wouldn’t have
C) doesn’t would
D) didn’t would

25. She may need additional training.

A) may not
B) don’t may
C) didn’t may
D) mayn’t have

26. The operator might resend the report.

A) might not
B) doesn’t might
C) didn’t might
D) mightn’t have

27. They should replace the damaged cables.

A) shouldn’t
B) shouldn’t have
C) don’t should
D) didn’t should

28. You can monitor the system remotely.

A) can’t
B) doesn’t can
C) didn’t can
D) cannot have

29. He must complete the calibration today.

A) must not
B) don’t must
C) didn’t must
D) mustn’t have

30. We would detect any fluctuations.

A) wouldn’t
B) wouldn’t have
C) doesn’t would
D) didn’t would

31. The team could finish ahead of schedule.

A) couldn’t
B) couldn’t have
C) doesn’t could
D) didn’t could

32. You should review the safety guidelines.

A) shouldn’t
B) don’t should
C) shouldn’t have
D) didn’t should

33. She can identify the root cause.

A) can’t
B) can’t have
C) doesn’t can
D) didn’t can

34. They may reopen the circuit tomorrow.

A) may not
B) don’t may
C) didn’t may
D) mayn’t have

35. He would notify the manager immediately.

A) wouldn’t
B) wouldn’t have
C) doesn’t would
D) didn’t would

36. We might increase the inspection frequency.

A) might not
B) mightn’t have
C) doesn’t might
D) didn’t might

37. You must isolate the power source.

A) must not
B) don’t must
C) didn’t must
D) mustn’t have

38. She should verify the configuration first.

A) shouldn’t
B) doesn’t should
C) shouldn’t have
D) didn’t should

39. They would update the software regularly.

A) wouldn’t
B) wouldn’t have
C) doesn’t would
D) didn’t would

40. He could solve the issue remotely.

A) couldn’t
B) doesn’t could
C) couldn’t have
D) didn’t could

41. You may install the new module now.

A) may not
B) don’t may
C) didn’t may
D) mayn’t have

42. She can assist with the backup process.

A) can’t
B) can’t have
C) doesn’t can
D) didn’t can

43. We should secure all connections.

A) shouldn’t
B) shouldn’t have
C) don’t should
D) didn’t should

44. He must verify the update logs.

A) must not
B) don’t must
C) didn’t must
D) mustn’t have

45. They might delay the test sequence.

A) might not
B) mightn’t have
C) doesn’t might
D) didn’t might

46. You would detect the error during calibration.

A) wouldn’t
B) wouldn’t have
C) doesn’t would
D) didn’t would

47. She could schedule the inspection.

A) couldn’t
B) couldn’t have
C) doesn’t could
D) didn’t could

48. The engineer can optimize the process.

A) can’t
B) doesn’t can
C) didn’t can
D) can’t have

49. We may postpone the deployment.

A) may not
B) don’t may
C) didn’t may
D) mayn’t have

50. They should report any anomalies immediately.

A) shouldn’t
B) shouldn’t have
C) don’t should
D) didn’t should

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