ZERO ARTICLE

✅ O que é o zero article?

Zero article significa que não usamos artigo nenhum antes de um substantivo:
✔ sem “a/an”
✔ sem “the”

Ex.:

• I love music. → music sem artigo

• She goes to school every day. → school sem artigo

• Cars are expensive. → cars sem artigo

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✅ Quando usar o zero article?

Abaixo estão todas as situações importantes, com exemplos e comentários.

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🔷 1. Substantivos no plural falando em geral

Quando falamos sobre coisas em geral, sem especificar quais.

Usamos zero article.

Ex.:

• Dogs are loyal. → cães em geral

• Books can teach us a lot.

• Computers are useful.

❌ Não usar the
A não ser que seja um grupo específico.

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🔷 2. Subst. incontáveis (uncountable) em geral

Quando falamos de ideias, alimentos, líquidos etc. de forma geral.

Ex.:

• Sugar is bad for you.

• Water is essential.

• Happiness is important.

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🔷 3. Nomes de disciplinas, matérias e atividades

Ex.:

• I study biology.

• He loves math.

• She plays soccer.

• We practice yoga.

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🔷 4. Nomes de refeições

Quando falamos de café da manhã, almoço, jantar como conceito, não como evento específico.

Ex.:

• We have breakfast at 7.

• She is cooking dinner.

• They had lunch together.

⚠ Mas usamos “the” ou “a” se especificarmos:

• The dinner we had yesterday was great.

• I’m preparing a lunch for my friends.

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🔷 5. Nomes de idiomas

Ex.:

• He speaks English.

• They are learning French.

⚠ Mas usamos the quando vem com "language"

• The English language is interesting.

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🔷 6. Nomes de esportes

Ex.:

• She plays tennis.

• He watches football.

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🔷 7. Nomes de meios de transporte com “by”

Ex.:

• We went by car.

• They travel by plane.

• She goes to work by bus.

⚠ Com a/the, o foco é o veículo específico:

• I took the bus. (aquele ônibus específico)

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🔷 8. Locais usados com função social

Quando falamos da função do lugar (e não do prédio físico).

Ex.:

• Students go to school. (para estudar)

• She is in prison. (como prisioneira)

• He’s at church. (para rezar)

• The doctor is at hospital. (no papel de paciente/trabalhador)

⚠ Se falamos do prédio como lugar físico → usamos artigo

• The parents went to the school to talk to the teacher.

• She went to the hospital to visit her friend.

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🔷 9. Nomes de cidades, países, continentes, ruas, praças

Ex.:

• I live in Brazil.

• She went to Paris.

• They visited Asia.

• He works on Oxford Street.

⚠ EXCEÇÕES (países com plural ou nomes especiais):

• The United States

• The Netherlands

• The Philippines

• The United Arab Emirates

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🔷 10. Alguns lugares públicos (quando usados em sentido geral)

Ex.:

• He’s in jail.

• She’s at university.

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🎯 RESUMO SUPER RÁPIDO

Usamos zero article com:

Categoria	Exemplo
Plural em geral	Dogs are friendly.
Incontáveis em geral	Sugar is bad.
Idiomas	English is hard.
Esportes	She plays basketball.
Refeições	We had dinner.
Meios de transporte com by	by car, by bus
Função social de lugares	at school, in hospital
Países/cidades	Brazil, Tokyo

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✅ 20 FRASES PARA COMPLETAR — ZERO ARTICLE

Complete com:
— nothing (zero article)
— a / an
— the

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1. ___ dogs are very intelligent animals.

2. She loves ___ music, especially jazz.

3. I usually have ___ breakfast at 7 a.m.

4. He drove to work by ___ car.

5. They visited ___ Japan last year.

6. ___ water is essential for life.

7. My brother plays ___ tennis very well.

8. I need ___ information about your school.

9. She is still in ___ hospital after the accident.

10. Could you turn off ___ TV?

11. I study ___ biology at university.

12. We are going to ___ supermarket later.

13. She speaks ___ Portuguese and ___ English.

14. He has ___ dog and three cats.

15. I went to ___ school yesterday to meet the teacher.

16. Children go to ___ school to learn.

17. They prefer traveling by ___ plane.

18. ___ Netherlands is a beautiful country.

19. I bought ___ bread and ___ milk this morning.

20. She wants to learn to play ___ guitar.

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✅ GABARITO EXPLICADO

1. Ø — general plural (dogs in general).

2. Ø — uncountable noun used in general (music).

3. Ø — meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) used in general.

4. Ø — “by + transport” → zero article (by car).

5. Ø — countries normally take zero article (Japan).

6. Ø — uncountable noun used generally (water).

7. Ø — sports → zero article (tennis).

8. Ø — uncountable noun (information) does not use a/an.

9. Ø — hospital in its function (as patient).

10. the — specific TV in the room.

11. Ø — school subjects → zero article (biology).

12. the — supermarket = specific place we intend to go.

13. Ø and Ø — languages → zero article.

14. a — singular countable noun (a dog).

15. the — school as a building, specific place.

16. Ø — school in its function (to learn).

17. Ø — “by plane” uses zero article.

18. the — exception: countries with plural/formal names require the.

19. Ø and Ø — uncountable nouns (bread, milk).

20. the — musical instruments normally use the.